🔌 How Data Collection Works

Technical Deep Dive: Modbus RTU & RS485

← Back to Proposal

💡 Understanding the Basics

Every solar inverter contains valuable operational data - power output, voltage, temperature, fault codes, and more. The challenge is getting this data out of the inverter and into a system where it can be analyzed. This page explains how we'll collect data directly from your Sungrow and Wattpowers inverters using industry-standard protocols.

📚 Simple Analogy: Think of it Like a Postal System

🛣
RS485 Cable
The Road
💬
Modbus Protocol
The Language
🏠
Inverter
House with Data
📦
FluxAI Edge Server
Postman

🔌 RS485 - The Physical Layer

RS485 is a type of industrial wiring standard that allows multiple devices to communicate over long distances (up to 1,200 meters). It's extremely reliable and used in 90% of industrial equipment worldwide. Think of it as the "highway" that data travels on.

  • Two-wire differential signaling
  • Supports up to 32 devices on one bus
  • Noise-resistant, works in harsh environments
  • Already present in all your inverters

💬 Modbus RTU - The Protocol

Modbus is a communication protocol (language) that devices use to exchange data. RTU stands for "Remote Terminal Unit" - a compact binary format. It's been the industrial standard since 1979 because it's simple, open, and works reliably.

  • Master-Slave architecture
  • Request-Response communication
  • Standardized data addressing
  • Supported by all major inverter brands

🔌 What RS485 Looks Like

RS485 Connection on an Inverter

SUNGROW INVERTER Model: SG110CX 52.3 kW Active Power RS485 PORT A+ B- GND Running Grid Connected RS485 Cable FLUXAI EDGE SERVER RS485-1 RS485-2 Ethernet ✓ Data Collection ✓ Protocol Conversion ✓ Local Buffering → To Your Server via VPN/Internet

💡 Key Insight

Your inverters already have RS485 ports - they're currently connected to the third-party logger. We simply connect our FluxAI Edge Server to these same ports instead, giving you direct access to your data without any middleman.

💬 How Modbus Communication Works

Modbus uses a simple Request-Response pattern. Our gateway (Master) asks the inverter (Slave) for data, and the inverter responds with the values.

Modbus Request-Response Cycle

FluxAI Edge Server (Master) Sends Request Receives Data Inverter (Slave ID: 01) Receives Request Sends Response REQUEST 01 03 13 88 00 0A RESPONSE 01 03 14 [DATA...] Request Breakdown: 01=Slave ID | 03=Read | 1388=Register | 000A=Count(10)

What the Inverter Stores (Register Map)

Each inverter has a "register map" - a documented list of memory addresses where different data values are stored:

Register Address Parameter Unit Example Value
5000 Active Power kW 52.3
5001 Daily Energy kWh 312.5
5002 Total Energy MWh 1,247.8
5003 DC Voltage (String 1) V 650.2
5004 DC Current (String 1) A 12.4
5008 Internal Temperature °C 42
5010 Operating Status Code 1 (Running)
5011 Fault Code Code 0 (No Fault)

🔄 Current Setup vs Our Proposed Solution

Current Data Flow (Third-Party Logger)

Sungrow Inverters (400-500) RS485 Third-Party Logger (Logics) ⚠ Dependency Internet Their Cloud ⚠ Server Issues Web Portal Basic Graphs ⚠ No API Manual Excel Download ⚠ Multiple Points of Failure, No Intelligence, No Control

Proposed Data Flow (Direct Collection)

Sungrow Inverters (400-500) RS485 FluxAI Edge Server On-Site Device ✓ Direct Connect ✓ Local Buffer ✓ Edge Processing VPN/MQTT Your Server On-Premise / Private Cloud ✓ Full Control ✓ Data Ownership ✓ No Dependency FluxAI AI Analytics Dashboards Alerts & Reports Zoho Creator ✓ Direct Control, Full Ownership, AI-Powered Intelligence

🔗 Connecting Multiple Inverters: Daisy Chain

RS485 allows connecting multiple inverters in a "daisy chain" configuration. One cable runs from the gateway to the first inverter, then continues to the second, third, and so on. Each inverter has a unique ID (address) so the gateway knows which one it's talking to.

Daisy Chain Configuration (Up to 32 Inverters per Bus)

FluxAI Edge Server RS485 Port 1 INV-01 ID: 01 Sungrow INV-02 ID: 02 Sungrow INV-03 ID: 03 Wattpowers ... INV-31 ID: 31 Sungrow INV-32 ID: 32 Sungrow 120Ω Terminator Master RS485 Bus (2-wire: A+ and B-) 💡 For 50 inverters: Use 2 RS485 buses (2 gateway ports) or 2 gateways Mixed brands (Sungrow + Wattpowers) can share the same bus

✓ Good News for Rays Power Experts

Both Sungrow and Wattpowers inverters support standard Modbus RTU protocol, meaning they can coexist on the same RS485 bus. We simply assign different IDs to different brands and configure the gateway to understand both register maps.

📦 What We Deploy at Your Site

📦

Industrial FluxAI Edge Server

Compact industrial computer with multiple RS485 ports. Installed in your electrical room/control panel. Connects to 32-64 inverters.

Specs: ARM/x86, Linux, 2-4 RS485 ports, Ethernet/WiFi, -20°C to 60°C operating range
🔌

RS485 Cabling

Industrial-grade shielded twisted pair cables connecting gateway to inverters. Supports distances up to 1,200 meters.

Specs: 2-wire (A+, B-), shielded, daisy-chain topology, 120Ω termination
🔒

Network Equipment

Secure connectivity to your central server via existing site internet or dedicated VPN connection.

Options: Ethernet, WiFi, 4G fallback, VPN tunnel, TLS encryption

Site Deployment Overview

SOLAR SITE (e.g., Kolayat Solar Park) Inverter Array INV-01 INV-02 INV-03 ... INV-25 INV-26 INV-27 ... 40-50 Inverters (Sungrow + Wattpowers) RS485 Control Room / Electrical Panel FluxAI Edge Server RS485 + Ethernet Router/ Switch Existing Third-Party Logger (Can be disconnected or kept as backup) Internet/VPN YOUR DATA CENTER (Jaipur / Private Cloud) Server FluxAI Platform Database Time-Series DB 👤 Web Dashboard   📱 Mobile App   🔗 APIs Legend RS485 (Data) Ethernet/VPN Sungrow Wattpowers

🔄 Step-by-Step Data Collection Process

1
FluxAI Edge Server Polls Inverter

Every 10 seconds, FluxAI Edge Server sends Modbus request to each inverter by ID

2
Inverter Responds

Inverter sends back register values (power, energy, voltage, status)

3
FluxAI Edge Server Processes

Data is validated, converted to standard format, buffered locally

4
Transmit to Server

Encrypted data sent to your central server via VPN/MQTT

Data Collection Timeline (10-second cycle)

0s Poll INV-01 0.3s Poll INV-02 0.6s Poll INV-03 ... ~8s Poll INV-50 ~9s Process & Buffer 10s Send to Server Cycle Repeats Every 10 Seconds 💡 50 inverters polled in ~8 seconds | 6 data points per minute per inverter | 432,000 readings per day